General Information
- Scientific Name: Nymphicus hollandicus
- Origin: Australia
- Average Lifespan: 15-20 years, with some living up to 25 years or more in captivity
Physical Characteristics
- Size: Small; typically 30-33 cm in length
- Weight: 75-125 grams
- Color Varieties: Multiple color mutations including normal grey, lutino (yellow), pied, pearl, cinnamon, and more. Common features include a yellow face and orange cheek patches.
- Crest: Distinctive, upright crest that moves based on their mood (up when excited or curious, down when calm or tired).

Temperament
- Personality: Affectionate, friendly, and social. Known for being gentle and easy-going.
- Behavior: Enjoys interacting with humans and other birds, often very playful and curious. They can be quite vocal and may mimic sounds and speech.
- Social Needs: Highly social; thrives on interaction with their owners. Can become lonely and depressed if left alone for long periods.
Care
- Diet: A balanced diet consisting of high-quality commercial pellets, fresh vegetables, fruits, and occasional seeds. Fresh water should always be available.
- Habitat: A spacious cage with horizontal bars for climbing, multiple perches, and toys for mental stimulation. They also benefit from supervised out-of-cage time daily.
- Grooming: Regular nail trimming and baths or misting. Cockatiels preen their feathers to keep them clean, but they enjoy an occasional spray of water.
- Training: Intelligent and capable of learning tricks and commands. Positive reinforcement techniques work best.
- Activities: Needs a variety of toys to prevent boredom, such as bells, ladders, and chew toys. Enjoys playing with their owners and exploring their environment.
Breeding
- Sexual Maturity: Typically reached around 9-12 months of age.
- Breeding: Requires a nesting box and a diet rich in nutrients. Female cockatiels lay 4-6 eggs per clutch, with an incubation period of about 18-21 days.
Special Considerations
- Noise Level: Can be vocal, especially during morning and evening. Males tend to be more vocal and may sing and whistle more than females.
- Compatibility: Generally gets along well with other birds if introduced properly. However, supervision is needed when introducing them to other pets.
- Commitment: Long-term commitment due to their long lifespan. Potential owners should be prepared for the time and attention these birds require.

Fun Facts
- Cockatiels are the smallest member of the cockatoo family.
- They can recognize their human companions and may show a preference for certain people.
- Their crest is a good indicator of their emotional state, providing visual cues about their mood.
Cockatiels make wonderful pets due to their friendly nature and relatively easy care requirements. They are ideal for both novice and experienced bird owners looking for a companionable and entertaining pet.
